Abstract: According to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 43% of all roadway fatalities occur on rural roads, although only 19% of the US population lives in rural areas. This is largely due to unique challenges associated with rural roads (e.g., higher travel speeds, volatile weather, varying roadway geometrics, frequent animal crossings, and reduced cell phone and communication coverage, etc.). This project aims to address these challenges and improve roadway safety and transportation efficiency on rural roads by leveraging integrated multimodal sensing, AI-empowered multi-source data analytics, and customized data and communication infrastructure.