Abstract: The potential of CAVs to revolutionize transportation is undeniable. However, unlocking this potential requires addressing the unique challenges rural roads pose. Rigorous testing and innovative solutions are key to enhancing CAV safety in these challenging environments. The project will 1) develop a conceptual framework by synthesizing the literature on CAV algorithms, e.g., advanced sensor fusion algorithms, high-definition mapping, and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques, 2) develop a CAV testing plan in rural settings utilizing the unique capabilities of UTK’s Connected and Automated Vehicle Laboratory, 3) engage in software development for simulation using CARLA and OpenPilot software, and test/validate the simulation results for accuracy and relevance, 4) analyze the results and provide innovative solutions to address challenges, such as adverse weather conditions, complex terrain, hazard classification, and limited sensor range. The anticipated outcomes of this project involve the development of methodologies, technologies, and collaborative networks that enhance CAV safety and navigation in complex rural environments.